Synopsis
An Australian-led study has revealed a significant decline in the genetic diversity of plants and animals over the past 30 years. The findings highlight the importance of conservation efforts in reversing these trends.Key Takeaways
- Genetic diversity of plants and animals has decreased globally.
- Two-thirds of species studied are losing genetic diversity.
- Conservation efforts are vital for maintaining genetic variation.
- Birds and mammals show the highest loss of genetic diversity.
- Strategies like pest control and selective breeding can help.
Sydney, Jan 30 (NationPress) An international research initiative spearheaded by Australia, published on Thursday, revealed a troubling trend: the genetic diversity of both plants and animals has significantly diminished over the last thirty years.
The study, conducted by the University of Sydney, examined the genetic variability of 628 species encompassing animals, plants, and fungi across various terrestrial and most marine environments from 1985 to 2019, as reported by the Xinhua news agency.
The research team, including experts from China, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Sweden, and Poland, discovered that two-thirds of the species evaluated are experiencing a decrease in genetic diversity. Preserving genetic diversity is vital for conservation efforts, as it equips species to adjust to changing ecosystems by offering a broader array of genetic characteristics.
Catherine Grueber, the primary author from the School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, expressed a cautious optimism, noting that their findings indicate that conservation initiatives are not only maintaining but, in some instances, enhancing genetic diversity.
"While we cannot ignore the alarming rate of biodiversity loss globally, there are promising signs of resilience," Grueber stated.
She further emphasized, "The efforts of conservationists are counteracting these declines and aiding in the establishment of genetically diverse populations equipped to tackle future challenges."
Notably, the reduction in genetic diversity was most pronounced among birds and mammals. Major factors contributing to this decline include alterations in land use, diseases, natural environmental changes (such as wildfires, floods, river alterations, and pre-industrial climate shifts), along with human activities like overharvesting and habitat destruction.
Researchers identified various conservation strategies that could enhance genetic diversity, including management of pest or feral species, selective population control to improve conditions for remaining individuals, and the introduction of new members into existing populations for breeding purposes.
The authors of this pivotal research expressed hope that their findings will inspire heightened conservation efforts.
